Kidney patients, particularly those who have undergone a kidney transplant, should consult their doctor and have a complete medical assessment of their health conditions before fasting. However, patients with chronic renal failure, particularly those on renal dialysis are advised not to fast.

Here are a few things kidney patients should keep in mind during Ramadan:

• Limit the intake of caffeinated beverages and soft drinks as these have diuretic effects.
• Drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration which can severely impact kidney functions.
• Avoid salty foods and foods that increase the risk of kidney stones, such as mango, strawberry, and spinach.
• Limit exposure to direct sunlight to avoid loss of body fluids through sweating as excessive sweating can lead to dehydration and increase the risk of kidney stones.